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PCB Board Parts
A Printed Circuit Board or PCB has an important role in almost every electronic device that we know. It serves as a base or platform for diverse types of components that are mindfully selected to perform specific function. The growth of Artificial Intelligence (AI), digital circuits and automotive market has driven further the expansion of electronics technology. As modern electronic boards become smaller and denser, PCB board parts have also gotten more complex to be able to multi-task and fit into intricate spaces of the PCB.
What Are the Different Types of PCB Board Parts?
The Bill of Materials (BOM) of PCB consists of components that can be broadly classified into Passive and Active components. The BOM is the master list of all the parts with complete information such as part number, supplier, quantity and unit of measurement. Oftentimes, the BOM may also consist of alternative PCB board parts and lifecycle status information.
Active Components: An active component is a type of component that contributes to the input gain in a circuit. It needs an external power source to be able to amplify or modify an input signal. Integrated Circuits or ICs are one of the prominent active components in a PCB. An IC is a miniaturized package containing a semiconductor chip.
Passive Components: Passive components are components that do not cause an input gain to the circuitry. These components do not require an external power source to perform its function, may it be to store, resist or maintain electricity. Passive components are often described based on their dimensions. For instance, “0603” passive component means that it is 0.06”x0.03” in dimensions. These include resistors, inductors and capacitors.
Basic Electronic Components Used on PCB Boards
PCB board parts include ICs (Integrated Circuits), resistors, capacitors, transistors, connectors, oscillators, relays and transformers., etc. Some basic components and their functions are further discussed below:
Resistors: Resistors are categorized as passive components that are used to resist or block the flow of current.
Capacitors: Capacitors are components that can store or release energy. It stores electricity and resists current flow when DC current is applied.
Diodes: A diode is a two terminal semiconductor device that allows conduction of current in one direction only.
Integrated Circuits: Integrated circuits are semiconductor chips that consist of tiny components such as resistors, capacitors, transistors that are integrated in a highly functional circuitry.
Transistors: Transistors are a type of semiconductor material that can amplify input signals.
Connectors: The connectors are components that allow electrical connections between different circuits, devices, or modules.
Oscillators: Oscillators are components that can generate clock pulses and produce precise periodic signals to synchronise and control timing in electronic circuits.
Relays: Relays are electromagnetic switches that can control high-power circuits with low-power signals, achieving electrical isolation and automation.
Transformers: Transformers are capable of transferring electrical energy between circuits, typically by increasing or decreasing voltage while providing isolation.